Nomen und Adjektive zugehörig zu Nationalitäten zu formen ist im Englischen nicht immer einfach. Für Adjektive verwendet man die Endung -ese oder -ish mit dem Verb im Plural, um sich auf alle Personen einer Nationalität zu beziehen. Die aufgeführten Adjektive bezieichnen häufig auch die Sprache, die in einem Land gesprochen wird, hier gibt es aber Ausnahmen.
Beispiele
- Land: I live in Japan.
- Adjektiv: He likes Japanese food.
- Herkunft: She is a Japanese person. = She is from Japan. = She is Japanese.
- Sprache: She speaks Japanese.
- Eine Gruppe bechreiben: Spaniards often drink wine. = Spanish people often drink wine.
- Eine Gruppe bechreiben: The Chinese enjoy fireworks. = Chinese people enjoy fireworks.
In manchen Fällen ist der Name einer Nationalität oder einer Region für einige Personen aus politischen oder historischen Gründen negativ behaftet. In diesem Fall wird häufig die neutralere Formulierung Adjektiv + "people" oder "people from" + Landesname verwendet. Dies ist der Fall für die unten mit Stern aufgeführten Beispiele.
| Geographische Region/Kontinent | Adjektiv | Nomen |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | African | an African* (an African person, someone from Africa) |
| Asia | Asian | an Asian* (an Asian person, someone from Asia) |
| Europe | European | a European |
| Central America | Central American | a Central American |
| Middle East | Middle Eastern | a Middle Easterner |
| North Africa | North African | a North African |
| South America | South American | a South American |
| Southeast Asia | Southeast Asian | a Southeast Asian person |
| Land oder Region | Adjektiv | Nomen |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Afghan | an Afghan |
| Algeria | Algerian | an Algerian |
| Angola | Angolan | an Angolan |
| Argentina | Argentine | an Argentine |
| Austria | Austrian | an Austrian |
| Australia | Australian | an Australian |
| Bangladesh | Bangladeshi | a Bangladeshi |
| Belarus | Belarusian | a Belarusian |
| Belgium | Belgian | a Belgian |
| Bolivia | Bolivian | a Bolivian |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnian/Herzegovinian | a Bosnian/a Herzegovinian |
| Brazil | Brazilian | a Brazilian |
| Britain | British | a Briton (informally: a Brit) |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian | a Bulgarian |
| Cambodia | Cambodian | a Cambodian |
| Cameroon | Cameroonian | a Cameroonian |
| Canada | Canadian | a Canadian |
| Central African Republic | Central African | a Central African |
| Chad | Chadian | a Chadian |
| China | Chinese | a Chinese person |
| Colombia | Colombian | a Colombian |
| Costa Rica | Costa Rican | a Costa Rican |
| Croatia | Croatian | a Croat |
| the Czech Republic | Czech | a Czech person |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Congolese | a Congolese person (Achtung: dieselbe Bezeichnung gilt für die Republic of the Congo) |
| Denmark | Danish | a Dane |
| Ecuador | Ecuadorian | an Ecuadorian |
| Egypt | Egyptian | an Egyptian |
| El Salvador | Salvadoran | a Salvadoran (auch gebräuchlich sind Salvadorian & Salvadorean) |
| England | English | an Englishman/Englishwoman |
| Estonia | Estonian | an Estonian |
| Ethiopia | Ethiopian | an Ethiopian |
| Finland | Finnish | a Finn |
| France | French | a Frenchman/Frenchwoman |
| Germany | German | a German |
| Ghana | Ghanaian | a Ghanaian |
| Greece | Greek | a Greek |
| Guatemala | Guatemalan | a Guatemalan |
| Holland | Dutch | a Dutchman/Dutchwoman |
| Honduras | Honduran | a Honduran |
| Hungary | Hungarian | a Hungarian |
| Iceland | Icelandic | an Icelander |
| India | Indian | an Indian |
| Indonesia | Indonesian | an Indonesian |
| Iran | Iranian | an Iranian |
| Iraq | Iraqi | an Iraqi |
| Ireland | Irish | an Irishman/Irishwoman |
| Israel | Israeli | an Israeli |
| Italy | Italian | an Italian |
| Ivory Coast | Ivorian | an Ivorian |
| Jamaica | Jamaican | a Jamaican |
| Japan | Japanese | a Japanese person |
| Jordan | Jordanian | a Jordanian |
| Kazakhstan | Kazakh | a Kazakhstani (als Nomen bezieht sich, "a Kazakh" auf eine ethnische Gruppe, keine Nationalität) |
| Kenya | Kenyan | a Kenyan |
| Laos | Lao | a Laotian (als Nomen bezieht sich, "a Lao" auf eine ethnische Gruppe, keine Nationalität) |
| Latvia | Latvian | a Latvian |
| Libya | Libyan | a Libyan |
| Lithuania | Lithuanian | a Lithuanian |
| Madagascar | Malagasy | a Malagasy |
| Malaysia | Malaysian | a Malaysian |
| Mali | Malian | a Malian |
| Mauritania | Mauritanian | a Mauritanian |
| Mexico | Mexican | a Mexican* (kann in den USA als beleidigend empfunden werden. Besser ist "someone from Mexico".) |
| Morocco | Moroccan | a Moroccan |
| Namibia | Namibian | a Namibian |
| Nicaragua | Nicaraguan | a Nicaraguan |
| Niger | Nigerien | a Nigerien |
| Nigeria | Nigerian | a Nigerian |
| Norway | Norwegian | a Norwegian |
| Oman | Omani | an Omani |
| Pakistan | Pakistani | a Pakistani* (kann in UK als beleidigend empfunden werden. Besser ist "someone from Pakistan".) |
| Panama | Panamanian | a Panamanian |
| Paraguay | Paraguayan | a Paraguayan |
| Peru | Peruvian | a Peruvian |
| The Philippines | Philippine | a Filipino* (someone from the Philippines) |
| Poland | Polish | a Pole* (someone from Poland, a Polish person) |
| Portugal | Portuguese | a Portuguese person |
| Republic of the Congo | Congolese | a Congolese person (Achtung: dieselbe Bezeichnung gilt für die Democratic Republic of the Congo ) |
| Romania | Romanian | a Romanian |
| Russia | Russian | a Russian |
| Saudi Arabia | Saudi, Saudi Arabian | a Saudi, a Saudi Arabian |
| Scotland | Scottish | a Scot |
| Senegal | Senegalese | a Senegalese person |
| Serbia | Serbian | a Serbian (als Nomen bezieht sich, "a Serb" auf eine ethnische Gruppe, keine Nationalität) |
| Slovakia | Slovak | a Slovak |
| Somalia | Somalian | a Somalian |
| South Africa | South African | a South African |
| Spain | Spanish | a Spaniard* (a Spanish person, someone from Spain) |
| Sudan | Sudanese | a Sudanese person |
| Sweden | Swedish | a Swede |
| Switzerland | Swiss | a Swiss person |
| Syria | Syrian | a Syrian |
| Thailand | Thai | a Thai person |
| Tunisia | Tunisian | a Tunisian |
| Turkey | Turkish | a Turk |
| Turkmenistan | Turkmen | a Turkmen / the Turkmens |
| Ukraine | Ukranian | a Ukranian |
| The United Arab Emirates | Emirati | an Emirati |
| The United States | American | an American |
| Uruguay | Uruguayan | a Uruguayan |
| Vietnam | Vietnamese | a Vietnamese person |
| Wales | Welsh | a Welshman/Welshwoman |
| Zambia | Zambian | a Zambian |
| Zimbabwe | Zimbabwean | a Zimbabwean |
Aus Städtenamen können ebenfalls Adjektive und Nomen gebildet werden. Diese sind sehr unregelmässig und es besteht nicht immer eine allgemein gültige Bezeichnung, sondern verschiedene gleichwertige.
| Stadt | Adjektiv | Nomen |
|---|---|---|
| Paris | Parisian | a Parisian |
| New York | New York | a New Yorker |
| Sydney | Sydney | a Sydney-sider |
| London | London | a Londoner |
| São Paulo | São Paulo | a Paulistano |
| New Delhi | New Delhi | a Delhiite |
| Cape Town | Cape Town | a Capetonian |